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Oakley Youth Development Center (OYDC),〔http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2010/pdf/HB/1400-1499/HB1479SG.pdf〕 formerly known as Oakley Training School is a juvenile correctional facility of the Mississippi Department of Human Services located in unincorporated Hinds County, Mississippi, near Raymond.〔"(Division of Youth Services )." Mississippi Department of Human Services. Retrieved on July 1, 2010. "2375 Oakley Road | Raymond, MS 39154."〕 It is Mississippi's sole juvenile correctional facility for children adjudicated into the juvenile correctional system. Oakley has a capacity of 150 students.〔"(Institutional Programs and Services )." Mississippi Department of Human Services. Retrieved on July 21, 2010.〕 Oakley is located on a plot of land surrounded by agricultural fields; the State of Mississippi states that the complex is about a 30 minute commute from Jackson.〔"(CRIPA Investigation of Oakley and Columbia Training Schools in Raymond and Columbia, Mississippi )." United States Department of Justice. June 19, 2003. 2 (2/48). Retrieved on July 21, 2010.〕 Grantier Architecture designed a building of the school.〔"(Oakley Training School )." Grantier Architecture. Retrieved on July 21, 2010.〕 Presently, only a child who has been adjudicated delinquent for a felony or who has been adjudicated delinquent three (3) or more times for a misdemeanor offense may be committed to Oakley. Oakley may retain custody of a child until the child's twentieth birthday but not for longer.〔 ==History== Originally Oakley was the Oakley Farm, a prison for women in the State of Mississippi prison system. In 1894 the State of Mississippi purchased a property that became the Oakley Farm, and the state housed all women in the Mississippi penal system in Oakley.〔Taylor, William B. and Tyler H. Fletcher. "( Profits from convict labor: Reality or myth observations in Mississippi: 1907–1934 )." ''Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology''. Volume 5, No. 1. Page 30 (1/9). Retrieved on October 31, 2010.〕 A limestone crushing plant opened at Oakley; it became a financial failure.〔Taylor, William B. and Tyler H. Fletcher. "( Profits from convict labor: Reality or myth observations in Mississippi: 1907–1934 )." ''Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology''. Volume 5, No. 1. Page 31 (2/9). Retrieved on October 31, 2010.〕 Oakley did not have very good soil, so its farming operations did not do very well. Early in the 20th century the women at Oakley were moved to the Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman) in Sunflower County, Mississippi. The Mississippi state prison hospital remained at Oakley. On July 21, 1913 a fire swept through the Oakley Prison Farm and killed 35 black prisoners. In 1925, after two white prison camps in the Mississippi penal system faced overcrowding, the state of Mississippi moved 75 white prisoners between the ages of 14 and 21 to the Oakley facility, turning it into a juvenile correctional facility. William B. Taylor and Tyler H. Fletcher, authors of "Profits from convict labor: Reality or myth observations in Mississippi: 1907–1934," said that Oakley was "a large and unjustifiable financial drain" until its repurposing as a juvenile facility; they said that Oakley was "a financial drain, though perhaps a more justifiable one."〔Taylor, William B. and Tyler H. Fletcher. "(Profits from convict labor: Reality or myth observations in Mississippi: 1907–1934 )." ''Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology''. Volume 5, No. 1. Page 32 (3/9). Retrieved on October 31, 2010.〕 Later Oakley became the Negro Juvenile Reformatory and the Black Juvenile Reformatory School.〔Underwood, Felix J. "(Departments of Education and Public Health Working Together )." ''American Journal of Public Health''. Volume 44, May 1954. 526 (6/29). "and the Negro Juvenile Reformatory, Oakley, Miss."〕〔"(Mississippi's African-American Authors )." Mississippi State University. August 25, 2004. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.〕 Before desegregation Oakley housed Black children of both sexes, while the Columbia Training School housed White children of both sexes; the desegregation plan around the 1970s required the state to house male children 15 and older of all races at Oakley, while males 14 and under and females were housed at Columbia.〔"(426 F. 2d 269 - Montgomery v. Oakley Training School )." United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit. May 6, 1970. Retrieved on August 9, 2010. "There are two juvenile reform schools in Mississippi: Oakley Training School, which was all-black and Columbia Training School, which was all-white. Both schools accommodated both boys and girls. The two schools are 125 miles apart. Children are assigned to the schools by the state's juvenile judges."〕 In 1999 DYS spent $1,289,700 of U.S. Department of Justice grant money to build a 15 bed maximum security unit for girls at Oakley.〔"(Mississippi Department of Corrections receives $2.8 million grant from U.S. Department of Justice )." Mississippi Department of Corrections. December 13, 2001. Retrieved on January 25, 2011.〕 Around 2008 the Mississippi Youth Justice Project advocated for the closure of Oakley.〔Mott, Ronni. "(Oakley Training School: A 'Bad Model' )." ''Jackson Free Press''. November 26, 2008. Retrieved on August 9, 2010.〕 Officials from the school responded, saying that the school had made improvements since past scandals.〔"(Administrator defends Oakley Training School )." ''WLBT''. November 20, 2008. Modified on December 2, 2008. Retrieved on August 9, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oakley Youth Development Center」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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